Agency And Liability In The B.C. Partnership Act †Free Samples

It can be stated that a relationship of agency is established between two people when one of the two acts as a principal and the other as the agent. The agent derives the authority to perform his function from the principal[1]. Such authority to be derived may be express or implied. In cases where the agent is involved in any wrongful act, it has been held that the principal is not required to expressly order his agent to commit such wrongful act. However the principal is held liable in some circumstances for the wrongful acts of his agent.   Vicarious liability in the context of a principal agent relationship is referred to as the liability imposed on the principal for the wrongful act committed by the agent of such principal[2]. It is to be mentioned that according to section 7 of the British Columbia Partnership Act that a firm or a company’s partner will be considered to be the agent of such firm or company when conducting business in the name of the firm or company. Further in accordance with section 7 it can be stated that any act of a partner of a firm which is done for the purpose of carrying on the business of the firm will be binding on all the partners. However there are two exceptions to the aforementioned rule as contained in section 7(2) which states â€Å"(a) the partner so acting has in fact no authority to act for the firm in the particular matter (b) the person with whom he or she is dealing either knows that the partner has no authority, or does not know or believe him or her to be a partner†. According to section 8 of the British Columbia Partnership Act any act done in the name of the firm with the intention to leally bind the firm by any authorized person will be legally binding upon the firm and all its partners. However as quoted in subsection 8(2) it can be said â€Å"This section does not affect any general rule of law relating to the execution of deeds or negotiable instruments.† Thus in light of the above provisions of the British Columbia Partnership act it can be stated that liability is imposed on the principal for the tortuous acts of the agent primarily for the following reasons[3]. Thus after analyzing the legal provisions of the principal agent relationships in accordance with the British Columbia Partnership Act it can be said that the all the partners of the firms act as agents of the firm while conducting business in the name of the firm. Therefore by the application of the principle of vicarious liability it is to be stated that the firm acts as the principal will therefore be liable for the acts of the partners. 'Partnership Act' (Bclaws.ca, 2018) accessed 25 February 2018 Chamallas, Martha. "Two Very Different Stories: Vicarious Liability Under Tort and Title VII Law."  Ohio St. LJ  75 (2014): 1315. Cole, Jeffrey. "Agency-Vicarious Liability-Abrogation of the Both Ways Rule."  DePaul Law Review  16.2 (2015): 478. West, Henry. "Vicarious Liability."  American Legal Encyclopedia  (2017).

The Greeks and The Romans civilizations Research Paper

The Greeks and The Romans civilizations - Research Paper Example Having its origin in the Etruscan ethnicity, socio-cultural traits of the city-state of Rome had been greatly influenced by the north. Also, in the south, it was exposed to the influence of Greece. The Greek influence had already spread along the Mediterranean Sea centuries before the Romans established their city-state. Due to the geographical nature, Greek cities were highly isolated from each other. As a result, Greek influence surrounding the Mediterranean Basin was merely the extension of their isolated city states. Indeed, the geographical features also contributed to the â€Å"fierce exclusiveness of the Greek city-states from one another, stemming from their geographical isolation† (Comparisons, pars. 2). Moreover the Greek Polis maintained a strict prohibition on the extension of citizenship, since the citizenship of any of the city-states was determined by the socio-cultural uniqueness of the people of a particular land. Patterns of Greek and Roman History Whereas th e Greek polis began around 750 BCE, the Rome as the Republic started around 400 BCE. The Greek civilization reached its peak point around the 15th century, when the Roman Empire was at its twilight. Meanwhile, the Romans were expanding both westward and eastward under the leadership of Alexander the Great in the late 300s BCE. After Philip II, Alexander’s father conquered Macedonia, Greek philosopher Aristotle was appointed the tutor of Alexander the Great. The influence of the Greek culture on Alexander was overwhelming; as a result, Hellenism as the conglomeration of the Roman and the Greek civilizations began to emerge. Unlike the Greeks, the Romans were more liberal to absorb the people under their control. Though the Roman civilization began to expand in response to their effort to mitigating the threats from neighboring countries, the foundation of the Roman Empire was further boosted up by the Romans’ inclination to grant citizenship to the people of the conquer ed states. On the contrary, the Romans brought â€Å"other communities on the Italian peninsula under their control, first by conquest, and then by extending Roman citizenship to elements of the conquered peoples† (Comparisons pars. 3). This success on the Roman part to pull the conquered people into a Roman identity helped the Roman to survive even during the fierce Punic war. But in comparison with the Romans, the Greeks failed to lately build their empire due to their reluctance to give the conquered people an imperial identity. Though they endeavored to establish their own empire by dominating the Delian League, it was marred during the Peloponnesian Wars. By the time of the Punic War, the Roman had been able to unite all the city-states on the Italian Peninsula under the Roman identity. It is commented on this success as following: There are, therefore, two key components in the success of the Romans in building an empire. One surely was their military prowess, and the o ther was their organizational/political/legal skill in extending their governance over the conquered peoples into the empire. (Comparisons pars. 3) Greek and Roman Political Institutions Both the Greek and the Roman civilizations included a variety of political institutions, systems and forms. Though these two civilizations

International Terrorism and the Meaning of Islam Essay

International Terrorism and the Meaning of Islam - Essay Example According to Rashid (2002), Muslim militants have been known to engage in a variety of terror acts ranging from beheadings, bombings, kidnappings, suicide attacks, hijackings and spree killings. Such incidences of terror have been witnessed in numerous places around the world such as America, Asia, Europe, Africa, the Pacific, and Middle East. The Muslim militants commonly referred to as Jihadists, usually net out violence to non-Muslims, terming it Jihad. Many people in different parts of the world who have been hard hit by these acts of terror are usually left wondering whether Islam is a religion of piece, violence, or both. The social meaning of Islam has been to inculcate peace and love for one another. Muslims claim that Islam teaches them to be compassionate and to care for everyone in society. However, confusion is brought about by Islamic teachings which propagate that Muslims should wrestle all those who do not trust or worship Allah, and those who do not adopt the religion of Islam. This has been one religious teaching that they have used to justify their acts of terror. This has been the main reason why the Western mind has a skewed meaning about the social meaning of Islam because it is not clear what they stand for. On one hand, they purport to teach and preach peace and love among one another, yet, on the other hand, they continuously engage in acts of terrorism, mostly against non-Muslims, which lead to mass deaths, loss of life, and destruction of property (Avner, 2008).